Overall Orange Tropical Cyclone alert for VAYU-19 in , India, Pakistan from 10 Jun 2019 12:00 UTC to 17 Jun 2019 00:00 UTC

GDACS is a cooperation framework between the United Nations, the European Commission and disaster managers worldwide to improve alerts, information exchange and coordination in the first phase after major sudden-onset disasters.

Overall Orange alert Tropical Cyclone for VAYU-19

in , India, Pakistan

16 Jun 2019 18 UTC

click on

to select bulletin time

Meteorological source:

GDACS JTWC

Impact Single TC

Impact based on all weather systems in the area

Impact

Tropical Cyclone VAYU-19 can have a medium humanitarian impact based on the maximum sustained wind speed,exposed population and vulnerability.

Meteorological source	GFS
Exposed countries	India
Exposed population	No people in Category 1 or higher
Maximum wind speed	61 km/h
Maximum storm surge	0.9 m (18 Jun 13:15 UTC)
Vulnerability	--

GDACS Score

GDACS alert score for Tropical Cyclones is 0.5 (GREEN Alert), 1.5 (ORANGE Alert), 2.5 (RED Alert)
For more info on GDACS alert score click here.

	Wind	Storm surge	Rainfall	GDACS score
GFS Current	61 km/h	0.9 m	95 mm	0.5
GFS Overall	194 km/h	1.4 m	1209 mm	0.5
Maximum winds, storm surge, rainfall (Current: over the next 72 h, Overall: entire TC track)

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Wind

194 km/h

Up to 2 thousand can be affected by wind speeds of Tropical Storm strength or above

Wind exposed population - AoIs

Estimations based on the bulletin of 16 Jun 2019 18:00 UTC

Category	Country	Population
Tropical Storm	India	1,817

See TC classification SSHS

Wind Impact Timeline

people affected <=10000

10000< people affected <=100000

people affected >100000

N°	Date (UTC)	Max Winds (km/h)	Pop in Cat. 1 or higher	TS	Cat. 1	Cat. 2	Cat. 3	Cat. 4	Cat. 5	Countries
1	10 Jun 2019 12:00	184	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	10 Jun 2019 18:00	209	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	11 Jun 2019 00:00	194	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
4	11 Jun 2019 06:00	191	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5	11 Jun 2019 12:00	184	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6	11 Jun 2019 18:00	176	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7	12 Jun 2019 00:00	162	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8	12 Jun 2019 06:00	169	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	12 Jun 2019 12:00	194	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	12 Jun 2019 18:00	162	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
11	13 Jun 2019 00:00	169	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
12	13 Jun 2019 06:00	166	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
13	13 Jun 2019 12:00	173	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	13 Jun 2019 18:00	176	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	14 Jun 2019 00:00	173	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16	14 Jun 2019 06:00	176	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	14 Jun 2019 12:00	176	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
18	14 Jun 2019 18:00	169	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
19	15 Jun 2019 00:00	169	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
20	15 Jun 2019 06:00	173	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
21	15 Jun 2019 12:00	144	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
22	15 Jun 2019 18:00	126	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
23	16 Jun 2019 00:00	137	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
24	16 Jun 2019 06:00	140	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25	16 Jun 2019 12:00	79	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
26	16 Jun 2019 18:00	61	-		-	-	-	-	-	India

Download:

Impact estimation for the next 72h

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Rainfall

Rain exposed population - AoIs

Estimations based on the bulletin of 16 Jun 2019 18:00 UTC

Level	Country	Population
50-100 mm	India, Sri Lanka	10,792,289	+
	India	7,330,845
	Sri Lanka	3,461,444

Rain Impact Timeline

people affected <=10000

10000< people affected <=100000

people affected >100000

N°	Date (UTC)	Max Rainfall (mm)	Pop >100mm or higher	50-100	100-250	250-500	500-750	750-1000	>1000	Countries
1	10 Jun 2019 12:00	229	30 thousand			-	-	-	-	India
2	10 Jun 2019 18:00	87	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	11 Jun 2019 00:00	201	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
4	11 Jun 2019 06:00	113	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5	11 Jun 2019 12:00	230	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6	11 Jun 2019 18:00	289	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7	12 Jun 2019 00:00	232	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8	12 Jun 2019 06:00	264	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	12 Jun 2019 12:00	175	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10	12 Jun 2019 18:00	297	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
11	13 Jun 2019 00:00	137	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
12	13 Jun 2019 06:00	272	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
13	13 Jun 2019 12:00	307	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	13 Jun 2019 18:00	198	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15	14 Jun 2019 00:00	252	-		-	-	-	-	-	India
16	14 Jun 2019 06:00	236	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17	14 Jun 2019 12:00	240	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
18	14 Jun 2019 18:00	262	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
19	15 Jun 2019 00:00	288	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
20	15 Jun 2019 06:00	378	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
21	15 Jun 2019 12:00	325	-		-	-	-	-	-	India
22	15 Jun 2019 18:00	273	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
23	16 Jun 2019 00:00	281	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
24	16 Jun 2019 06:00	180	-		-	-	-	-	-	India
25	16 Jun 2019 12:00	77	-		-	-	-	-	-	India
26	16 Jun 2019 18:00	95	-		-	-	-	-	-	India, Sri Lanka

Impact estimation for the next 72h

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StormSurge

0.9 m

The maximum Storm surge height is 0.9m in Kambhat, India. This height is estimated for 18 Jun 2019 13:15 UTC .

The JRC has developed an experimental global storm surge model, which is run after each advisory issued by the regional tropical cyclone centres. The calculations are published about 20 minutes after a new advisory is detected by GDACS. The calculations identify the populated places affected by storm surge up to three days in advance, using the forecasted track. When forecasts change, the associated storm surge changes too and alert levels may go up or down. All links, data, statistics and maps refer to the latest available calculation. If the calculation for the last advisory is not completed, the latest available calculation is shown.

Storm Surge Exposed population - AoIs

Storm Surge Exposed locations

Calculation based on the bulletin of 16 Jun 2019 18:00 UTC

Alert	Date (UTC)	Name	Country	Storm surge height (m)
	18 Jun 2019 13:15	Kambhat	India	0.9
	18 Jun 2019 13:15	Kavi	India	0.9
	18 Jun 2019 13:15	Sarod	India	0.9
	18 Jun 2019 13:00	Wadgam	India	0.9
	18 Jun 2019 12:30	Asarsa	India	0.7
	18 Jun 2019 11:30	Harinagar	India	0.6
	18 Jun 2019 11:30	Tankari	India	0.6
	18 Jun 2019 11:30	Muler	India	0.6
	19 Jun 2019 01:00	Lakhpat	India	0.6
	18 Jun 2019 11:30	Ghogha	India	0.5
	18 Jun 2019 11:00	Dahej	India	0.5
	18 Jun 2019 10:15	Bhagva	India	0.5
	18 Jun 2019 10:15	Olpad	India	0.5
	18 Jun 2019 10:15	Hansot	India	0.5
	17 Jun 2019 14:45	Ghuar Mota	India	0.5
	17 Jun 2019 11:15	Akri	India	0.4
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	New Kandla	India	0.4
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Navlakhi	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 09:45	Damka	India	0.4
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Tuna	India	0.4
	17 Jun 2019 09:30	Suthri	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:45	Surat	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:15	Udvada	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:15	Dharasana	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:15	Valsad	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:15	Bilimora	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:30	Jalalpur	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:30	Nausari	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:30	Navsari	India	0.4
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Jodiya	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:30	Mahuver	India	0.4
	18 Jun 2019 12:00	Daman	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 08:15	Kotada	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Jambura	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 13:15	Mundra	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 14:30	Mahuva	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 02:45	Chudeswar	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 02:45	Salaya	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 02:45	Jhankhar	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 02:45	Sika	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 13:00	Navinal	India	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 21:15	Jafarabad	India	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 21:15	Kathiwadar Bandar	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 11:45	Mandvi	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 12:15	Bhadia	India	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 23:45	Kavutarimunai	Sri Lanka	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 23:45	Nawaladi	Sri Lanka	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 23:45	Pooneryn	Sri Lanka	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 18:00	Bada	Pakistan	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 18:00	Cheru	Pakistan	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 18:00	Sonmiani	Pakistan	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 02:15	Bambu Khan	Pakistan	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 02:15	Goth Jumo	Pakistan	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:45	Maroli	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:45	Umbargam	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 12:00	Aramda	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 11:00	Okha	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Tarapur	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Gholvad	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Malyan	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Boisar	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Sakhare	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 01:00	Gadechi	India	0.3
	19 Jun 2019 17:45	Filim	Oman	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:45	Bordi	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 01:30	Naka Kharari	Pakistan	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 01:30	Gadani	Pakistan	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 10:30	Dwarka	India	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 21:45	Rohisa	India	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 22:00	Dharabandar	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 00:45	Mumbai	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 00:45	Asumumbay	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 00:45	Uran	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 00:45	Trombay	India	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 19:30	Shirgaon	India	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 19:30	Palghar	India	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 19:30	Mahim	India	0.3
	19 Jun 2019 17:30	Al Khaluf	Oman	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 10:30	Keti	Pakistan	0.3
	16 Jun 2019 19:30	Agashi	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 10:30	Jhol	Pakistan	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Nalasopara	India	0.3
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Vasai	India	0.3
	17 Jun 2019 10:00	Brar	Pakistan	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 11:30	Dongri	India	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 11:30	Mira Bhayandar	India	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Ormara Raik	Pakistan	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 11:15	Ormara	Pakistan	0.2
	16 Jun 2019 22:30	Delvada	India	0.2
	16 Jun 2019 22:30	Nawabandar	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 01:30	Isa	Pakistan	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 01:30	Goth Haji Muhammad	Pakistan	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 01:30	Goth Lashkari	Pakistan	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 15:45	Porbandar	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 15:45	Adodar	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 15:30	Ratia	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 11:15	Ras Muari	Pakistan	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 10:30	Madhi	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 15:30	Gorser	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 09:30	Shil	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 09:30	Mangrol	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 10:15	Bhogat	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 09:30	Chorwad	India	0.2
	16 Jun 2019 22:45	Dangarvadi	India	0.2
	16 Jun 2019 22:30	Kotra Nes	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 10:15	Lamba	India	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 11:30	Malad	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 15:45	Miyani	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 03:00	Aliavalai	Sri Lanka	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 03:30	Kodinar	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 10:15	Malan	Pakistan	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 03:45	Sutrapada	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 03:45	Lodhwa	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 09:45	Veraval	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 09:45	Somnath	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 09:45	Pasni	Pakistan	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 09:45	Miski	Pakistan	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 09:45	Rumra	Pakistan	0.2
	16 Jun 2019 18:45	Mandve	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 10:15	Balaru	Pakistan	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 03:00	Idaikkadu	Sri Lanka	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 03:00	Ampan	Sri Lanka	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 14:15	Kodigeri	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Talaimannar	Sri Lanka	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Chiruttoppu	Sri Lanka	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Mannar	Sri Lanka	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 10:45	Kalat	Pakistan	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 14:15	Atirampattinam	India	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 17:15	Al Kalban	Oman	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 17:15	Sur Masirah	Oman	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 17:15	'Urf	Oman	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 14:15	Kattumavadi	India	0.2
	17 Jun 2019 14:15	Periyavilankuli	Sri Lanka	0.2
	16 Jun 2019 20:15	Jaffna	Sri Lanka	0.2
	16 Jun 2019 18:30	Alibag	India	0.2
	16 Jun 2019 18:30	Revadanda	India	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Karwar	India	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Belekeri	India	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Ankola	India	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Gokarn	India	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 18:00	Mursays	Oman	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 18:00	Hiql	Oman	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 18:00	Dawwah	Oman	0.2
	19 Jun 2019 18:00	Maghilah	Oman	0.2
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Kumta	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Honavar	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Manki	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 10:30	Pishukan	Pakistan	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 10:30	Akara	Pakistan	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 10:30	Gwadar	Pakistan	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Baghan	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Jask-e Kohneh	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Jask	Iran	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 15:30	Manamelkudi	India	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 15:30	Ammapatam	India	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 10:00	Barambah	Pakistan	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Silavatturai	Sri Lanka	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Khowr Rapch	Iran	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:30	Manumah	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:30	Sib	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:30	Mawalis	Oman	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 02:30	Kakinada	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Kereti	Iran	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 10:45	As Sirab	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Vanak	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Bayahi	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:15	Karap	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Konarak	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Tis	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Chah Bahar	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Ahmadizeh	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:30	Kamshahr	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:30	Gurdim	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:30	Guraim	Iran	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 18:45	Dorri	Iran	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 18:45	Pozm Tiab	Iran	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 18:45	Machan	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:30	Derangu	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:30	Bir	Iran	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:00	Suwadi al Batsa'	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:00	Billa	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:00	Murayjat	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:00	Barka	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 18:30	Murud	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:30	Masnaah	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:30	Bu 'Abali	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:30	Abu 'Abali	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Mavalli	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:30	Kachow	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:30	Sam	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:30	Beris	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Ramin	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 12:15	Duqm	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 12:15	Nafun	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Jiwani	Pakistan	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Baleh Sar	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Kizhdab	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Guran Kosh-E Pa'in	Iran	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 18:30	Agar Panchaitan	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:15	Pusht	Iran	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:15	Pesabandar	Iran	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 18:15	As Sifah	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 20:00	Srivardhan	India	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 14:15	Vedaranyam	India	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 14:15	Vedaranniyam	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:45	Nizampatam	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:45	Kottapalem	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:45	Lankavanidibba	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 07:30	Shirali	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 19:30	Bankot	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 19:30	Kelshi	India	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 01:45	Pudimadaka	India	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 01:45	Chipurupalle	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 07:15	Bhatkal	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Masqat	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Al Bustan	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 17:45	Yiti	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Azaiba	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:15	Al Ashkharah	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:15	Al Jumaylah	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 07:45	Sadashivgarh	India	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:15	Mina' al Fahl	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 19:15	Matrah	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 08:00	Advota	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 08:00	Chaudi	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 08:00	Majali	India	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 02:15	Peddapatnam	India	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 15:15	Kottaippattanam	India	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 14:00	Anaippapan	Sri Lanka	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 02:00	Venkatapuram	India	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 02:00	Pata Polvaram	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Ramlah	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Quryat	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Daghmar	Oman	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 02:15	Gollapalem	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Dibab	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Bimmah	Oman	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 02:00	Pentakota	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Fins	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Tiwi	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Qalhat	Oman	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 02:30	Antarvedi	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Bi'r Bira'	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Sur	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Bilad as Sur	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:00	Had	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 19:15	Anjanwel	India	0.1
	17 Jun 2019 02:00	Bandamurlanka	India	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 18:15	Ra's ar Ru'ays	Oman	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 13:30	Pamban	India	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 13:30	Rameswaram	India	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 18:15	Ghalat	Oman	0.1
	16 Jun 2019 18:15	Sharkh	Oman	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 17:45	Dafiyat	Oman	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 17:45	Dhuwwah	Oman	0.1
	19 Jun 2019 17:45	Shiinzi	Oman	0.1
	18 Jun 2019 19:15	Guhagar	India	0.1

Disclaimer
While we try everything to ensure accuracy, this information is purely indicative and should not be used for any decision making without alternate sources of information.
The JRC is not responsible for any damage or loss resulting from the use of the information presented on this website.
The designations employed and the presentation of material on the map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.